Umugqa Wokukhiqiza Ibhotela Lekhilimu

Isifinyezo Senqubo Yokwenza Ibhotela:

Ubisi → Ukuhlukaniswa → Ukhilimu → Ukwenziwa kwe-Pasteurization → (Ukuvuthwa kokukhulisa) → Ukuguga → UKUQHUBEKA → Ukukhipha amanzi Ubisi lwebhotela → Ukuwasha → Ukusebenza → Ukupakisha → Ibhotela

Inqubo ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:Ukucubungula Ukhilimu, Ukushisisa Nokusebenza,futhiUkupakisha Nokugcina Izinto.

1. Ukucubungula Ukhilimu: Ukulungiselela Izinto Ezingavuthiwe

Lesi yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu sokunquma ukunambitheka kokugcina kanye nekhwalithi yebhotela.

• Ukuhlukana:Ubisi oluphelele olungaphekiwe luhlukaniswa kuqala lube ukhilimu kanye nobisi olukhilimu. Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isihlukanisi se-centrifugal esijikeleza ubisi ngesivinini esikhulu. Ubisi olukhilimu oluqinile luya ngaphandle, kuyilapho ukhilimu olulula luqoqwa phakathi.
• Ukwenziwa kwe-Pasteurization:Ukhilimu ushiswa ekushiseni okuthile (isb., 85°C/185°F imizuzwana eyi-15-20) ukuze kubhujiswe amabhaktheriya abangela izifo kanye nama-enzyme angabangela ukonakala. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuphepha futhi kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila.
• Ukuvuthwa (kwebhotela elikhuliswe):Lesi sinyathelo yisona esihlukanisayoibhotela elimnandi likakhilimukusukelaibhotela elikhuliswe kahle.Ukuguga/Ukuzibamba:Ukhilimu uyapholiswa bese ugcinwa ekushiseni okuphansi (cishe ku-4-8°C noma ku-40-46°F) amahora angu-8-12. Le nqubo "yokuguga" ivumela amakristalu amafutha ukuba aqine, okubalulekile ukuthi amafutha aqhume kahle futhi akhiqize ibhotela eliningi.
  • Ibhotela Elimnandi Elikhilimu:Ukhilimu ofakwe i-pasteur upholiswa ngokushesha bese uyiswa endaweni eyomile. Lokhu kuphumela ekunambithekeni okuthambile nokunokhilimu (uhlobo oluvame kakhulu e-US nase-UK).
  • Ibhotela Elikhuliswe:Kufakwa isiko lamabhaktheriya e-lactic acid kukhilimu ofakwe i-pasteur. Bese lifakwa emahoreni amaningana. Amabhaktheriya abilisa i-lactose (ushukela wobisi) abe yi-lactic acid, okwenza ibhotela libe nokunambitheka okucebile, okuthambile, futhi okuyinkimbinkimbi (okuvamile eYurophu).

2. Ukukhukhumala Nokusebenza: Ukuguqulwa Komzimba

Lesi yisigaba lapho isimo somzimba sokhilimu sishintsha kakhulu.

• Ukukhukhula:Ukhilimu opholile, osukhulile uthululwa ku-mechanical churn. Ama-churn anamuhla ayizigubhu ezinkulu zensimbi engagqwali ezijikelezayo noma imishini yoku-churn eqhubekayo.Ukukhipha Ubisi Olungcolile:Uma izinhlamvu zebhotela sezifinyelele usayizi wama-peas amancane noma ama-wheat kernels, ukuxubha kuyayeka. I-buttermilk iyakhishwa. (Leli yi-buttermilk "yeqiniso", emuncu futhi enamafutha amancane, ngokungafani nesiphuzo esivundisiwe esitholakala ezitolo).
  • Isayensi:Njengoba ukhilimu ushukunyiswa, umoya uyahlanganiswa, wakhe igwebu. Ama-fat globules, azungezwe ulwelwesi olubuthakathaka lwe-phospholipid, ayashayisana bese ulwelwesi lwawo luqhuma.
  • Umphumela:Amafutha aketshezi ngaphakathi kwama-globule ayavuza bese eqala ukunamathelana, ahlangane abe izinhlamvu ezinkulu nezinkulu zamafutha ebhotela. Lokhu kushiya uketshezi olubizwa ngokuthiubisi lwebhotela.
• Ukugeza:Izinhlamvu zebhotela zibe sezigezwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile nabandayo. Lesi sinyathelo sisusa noma yiliphi ibhotela elisele, okungabangela ukuthi ibhotela lonakale ngokushesha.
• Usawoti (Ongakukhetha):Usawoti ungafakwa ukuze kunambitheke futhi ube yisivikelo semvelo. Ungezwa womile noma ube yi-brine bese uxutshwa kahle.
• Ukusebenza:Ibhotela libe selisetshenziswa noma lixovwe. Lena inqubo yomshini eqinisekisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwamanzi kuhlakazeka kahle njengamaconsi amancane kulo lonke isigaba samafutha (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-emulsion yamanzi kumafutha). Iphinde inikeze ibhotela ukuthungwa kwalo kokugcina okubushelelezi, okuvumelanayo kanye nokubukeka.

3. Ukupakisha Nokugcina Izinto

• Ukupakisha:Ibhotela eliqediwe lisikwa ngokuzenzakalelayo bese lifakwa emabhulokini, emathini, noma emiqulwini kusetshenziswa iphepha lesikhumba noma ama-foil wrappers ukuze livikeleke ekukhanyeni nasemoyeni, okungabangela ukubola kanye nokubola.
• Isitoreji:Ibhotela liyagcinwa futhi lithuthwe lifakwe efrijini ukuze ligcine isakhiwo salo siqinile futhi sisha. Ngenxa yokuthi linamafutha angaba ngu-80%, lingathola nokunambitheka okungathandeki kokunye ukudla okusefrijini, ngakho-ke ukupakishwa okungenamoya kubalulekile.

Imiphumela Eyinhloko Yokukhiqizwa Kwebhotela:

1. Ibhotela:Umkhiqizo oyinhloko. Ngokwencazelo, ibhotela kumele libe namafutha obisi okungenani angu-80%. Okusele amanzi (cishe angu-16-18%) kanye nobisi oluqinile (cishe u-1-2%).
2. Ubisi lwebhotela:Umkhiqizo osele. Ngokwesiko, lokhu kwakuyiketshezi olushiywe ngemva kokuhluzwa. Manje luvame ukukhuliswa ngokwehlukana ngemva kokukhipha amanzi ukuze kudalwe isiphuzo se-buttermilk esikhuliswe kahle esithengiswa ezitolo.

Izinhlobo zebhotela:

• Ibhotela Elimnandi Elikhilimu:Kwenziwe ngokhilimu omusha, ofakwe i-pasteur. Ukunambitheka okuthambile.
• Ibhotela Elikhuliswe:Kwenziwe ngokhilimu ovutshelwe ngamagciwane. Ukunambitheka okumuncu, "kwabantu abadala".
• Okunosawoti vs. Okunganosawoti:Kuyazichaza. Okungafakwanga usawoti kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ibhotela elimnandi."
• Ibhotela Lesitayela SaseYurophu:Inamafutha amaningi (82-86%) futhi ivame ukukhuliswa, okuholela ekunambithekeni okucebile kanye nokuthungwa okukhilimu, okuhle kakhulu ekubhakeni.