Umsuka Wezishintshi Zokushisa Ezikhuhliwe
Imvelaphi kanye nentuthuko yama-exchanger okushisa okukhuhliwe kungalandelelwa emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ukudalwa kwawo kwakungeyona impumelelo eyenzeka ngobusuku obubodwa kodwa kwakuwukusabela emikhawulweni engokwemvelo yama-exchanger okushisa avamile lapho kukhulunywa ngezinto ezithile.
Imvelaphi Eyinhloko: 1920 - 1930
Umqondo kanye nomklamo wokuqala wama-scraped heat exchangers akhiwe kakhulu phakathi nalesi sikhathi, eqhutshwa imboni yokudla, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwe-margarine ne-ayisikhilimu.
1. Izinkinga Okumele Zixazululwe:
o Izinto Ezinobuthi Obuphezulu: Izinto ezifana nebhotela, ingxube ye-ayisikhilimu, kanye nejamu zinobuthi obuqinile kakhulu futhi azikwazi ukugeleza kahle kumashubhu noma kuma-plate exchangers endabuko, zivala kalula futhi ziholele ekusebenzeni kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa okuphansi kakhulu.
o Ukuzwela Kokucheba: Ukwakheka kwamakristalu amafutha noma amakristalu eqhwa kulezi zinto kudinga ukulawulwa okunembile. Ukupholisa okukhulu noma okungalingani kungaholela ekubunjweni okuqinile kanye nokunambitheka okubi.
o Ukungcola Nokupheka: Izinto eziqukethe ushukela noma amaprotheni zivame ukuqina futhi zifane ne-caramel ezindaweni zokushisa, hhayi nje kuphela ezithinta ukudluliselwa kokushisa kodwa futhi zibangela ukuwohloka komkhiqizo kanye nobunzima ekuhlanzweni kwemishini.
2. Amaphayona Kwezobuchwepheshe:
o Elinye lamalungelo obunikazi okuqala kakhulu lama-exchanger okushisa okukhuhliwe angalandelelwa emuva ngasekupheleni kwawo-1920 kuya ekuqaleni kwawo-1930. Isibonelo, cishe ngo-1928, onjiniyela eGerhard Company eJalimane (kamuva eyaba yingxenye ye-APV Group) benza umsebenzi wobuphayona kulo mkhakha.
o Omunye umuntu obalulekile kwakungu-CO (Charlie) Linn, owaklama umshini wokushintshanisa ukushisa komhlaba ophumelelayo kwezentengiselwano wesigaba se-Votator se-Girdler Corporation e-United States (cishe ngo-1933-1935). Lo mshini wasungulwa ekuqaleni ukuze kukhiqizwe i-margarine njalo. Igama elithi "Votator" laze lafana nezishintshi zokushisa komhlaba eziklwejiwe isikhathi eside.
Amaphuzu Antsha Okusebenza Kwesimiso
Umklamo oyinhloko wama-scraped heat exchanger axazululwe ngobuhlakani ubhekana nezinkinga ezingenhla:
• Isenzo Sokuklwebha: Ngaphakathi kwesilinda sokushintshana kokushisa, i-rotor efakwe iziklwebha ijikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu. Iziklwebha, ngaphansi kwamandla e-centrifugal noma iziphethu, zinamathela eduze odongeni lwesilinda, ziklwebha njalo ifilimu yezinto ezisodongeni olungaphakathi.
• Izinzuzo Ezine Ezinkulu:
1. Ukuvuselelwa Okuqhubekayo Komphezulu Wokudlulisa Ukushisa: Kuvimbela ukunamathela kwezinto kanye nokungcola, kugcina ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu.
2. Ukuxuba Nokucheba Okufanayo: Kuqinisekisa ukushisa nokupholisa okufanayo kwezinto zonke futhi kuhlinzeka ngamandla okusika alawulekayo, okubalulekile enkambisweni yokwenza ikristalu (njengokwenza ikristalu yamafutha kanye nokwakheka kwekristalu yeqhwa).
3. Ukuphathwa Kokugcwala Okuphezulu Kakhulu: Isenzo sokuklwebha nokucindezela ngomshini siyenza ikwazi ukuphatha uketshezi olunama-pastry, olukhilimu, ngisho nolwe-granular olungenakukwazi ukuliphatha izishintshi zokushisa zendabuko.
4. Isikhathi Sokuhlala Esifushane Kakhulu: Izinto zidlula ku-heat exchanger ngefilimu encane, okwenza zifaneleke kakhulu ezintweni ezizwela ukushisa futhi zikhulise ukulondolozwa kokunambitheka komkhiqizo, umbala, kanye nokudla okunempilo.
Intuthuko kanye Nokuthandwa Kwabantu
• 1940 - 1950: Ngokusheshisa kwezimboni zokudla ngaphambi nangemva kweMpi Yezwe II, ama-exchanger okushisa angaphezulu akhuhliwe asetshenziswa ngokushesha embonini yobisi, ijamu, kanye nesoso. Ukuqandisa okuqhubekayo kwe-ayisikhilimu kwakungenye indlela ebalulekile.
• Kusukela ngawo-1960 kuya ku-2010: Amasimu abo okusetshenziswa akhule kusukela embonini yokudla kuya embonini yamakhemikhali, yezemithi, ye-petrochemical, kanye neyepulasitiki. Asetshenziswa ukuphatha uketshezi oluyinselele njengokuncibilika kwe-polymer, i-paraffin, i-asphalt, izimonyo, kanye nemithi.
• Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe: Izishintshi zokushisa zanamuhla ezikhuhliwe zenze intuthuko enkulu ezintweni zokwakha (njengokusetshenziswa kwezimbozo eziqinile ezingagugi futhi ezingagqwali), ubuchwepheshe bokuvala, ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo (ukulawula izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nesivinini okunembile), kanye nomklamo we-modular.
Isifinyezo
Umsuka wesishintshi sokushisa esiklwebhayo ungatholakala ngqo ngawo-1920 nawo-1930. Sasungulwa ukuze sihlangabezane nezidingo zenqubo yokushisa okuqhubekayo, ukupholisa, ukwakheka kwekristalu kanye nokubulala amagciwane kwezinto eziqinile nezizwela ukushisa embonini yokudla. Ukusungulwa kwaso kwakuyingqophamlando ebalulekile emlandweni wemishini yemboni yenqubo, sandisa umsebenzi olula "wokushintshana kokushisa" ekusebenzeni okuhlangene "kokushintshana kokushisa kanye nokucubungula ngomshini". Kuze kube namuhla, sisadlala indima engenakuphikwa emikhakheni eminingi yezimboni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-20-2025