I-Tubular Pasteurizer Ekukhiqizweni Kwe-Margarine

I. Kungani i-pasteurizer eyisicaba idingeka ekukhiqizweni kwe-margarine?

Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-margarine zifaka kakhulu uwoyela wemifino ocolisisiwe, amanzi, izingxenye zobisi (njengempuphu yobisi, i-whey powder), ama-emulsifiers, usawoti, amavithamini, kanye nokunambitheka. Lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi izingxenye zamanzi kanye nezingxenye zobisi, ziyimithombo emihle yokukhula kwamagciwane (njengamabhaktheriya, imvubelo, kanye nesikhunta). Uma zingasuswanga kahle, umkhiqizo uzokonakala ngesikhathi esifushane futhi ungabangela nezinkinga zokuphepha kokudla.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-pasteurizer eshubhu ukubulala ngokuphelele amabhaktheriya abangela izifo futhi onakele kuketshezi lwezinto ezingavuthiwe ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa nokwakheka komkhiqizo, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezinkomba zamagciwane zomkhiqizo nokwandisa isikhathi sawo sokuhlala eshalofini.

II. Inqubo yokusebenza kwe-pasteurizer eshubhu emgqeni wokukhiqiza imajarini

I-pasteurizer ejwayelekile yeshubhu ihlanganiswa ngemuva kohlelo lwe-emulsification nangaphambi komshini wokupholisa ngokushesha (i-Votator noma i-Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger). Inqubo yayo yokusebenza imi kanje:

1. Ukushisa nokuhlanganisa:

o Ingxube yamafutha namanzi axutshwe ngaphambilini futhi axutshwe (manje eseyi-emulsion) ifakwa kuqala ohlelweni lokuhlanza.

o Izinto zidlula esigabeni sokushisa kusengaphambili, lapho izinga lokushisa liphakanyiswa khona liye ezingeni lokushisa elifanele ukuze livumelane (ngokuvamile 60-70°C).

o Ngemva kwalokho, izinto ezishisa kakhulu zingena ku-valve ye-homogenization enomfutho ophezulu futhi ziqhekeka ngaphansi komfutho ophezulu kakhulu (isb., 150-200 bar), zakha ama-globules amafutha amancane kakhulu futhi afanayo kanye namaconsi amanzi, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuzinza nokuthungwa komkhiqizo.

2. Isigaba sokuguqula i-pasteurization:

o Izinto ezihlanganisiwe zingena esigabeni sokushisa se-pasteurizer esishubhu. Lapha, izinto zigeleza ngamapayipi aqinile azungezwe umusi noma amanzi ashisayo anomfutho ophezulu, futhi izinga lokushisa likhushulwa ngokushesha liye ekushiseni okubekiwe kwe-pasteurization ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.

o Imigomo ejwayelekile yenqubo yokubulala amagciwane:

 Izinga lokushisa: 85°C - 95°C (kulungiswe ngokwefomula kanye nezidingo zenqubo; amanye amafomula angaba phezulu).

 Isikhathi: sigcinwa imizuzwana eyi-15 - 30. Lesi "sikhathi sokubamba" sitholakala ngokuklama ubude obuthile "bepayipi lokubamba" epayipini.

Le nqubo "yesikhathi esifushane sokushisa okuphezulu (i-HTST)" ingabulala ngempumelelo wonke amabhaktheriya abangela izifo kanye namagciwane amaningi angcolisayo ngenkathi inciphisa umonakalo wokushisa ekunambithekeni komkhiqizo, umbala, kanye nezingxenye zokudla okunempilo.

3. Isigaba sokupholisa:

o Ngemva kokufakelwa i-pasteurization, izinto kumele zipholiswe ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokukhula kabusha kwama-microorganisms.

o Izinto zingena esigabeni sokupholisa bese zishintshana ngokushisa nge-medium ebandayo (ngokuvamile amanzi eqhwa), zinciphisa ngokushesha izinga lokushisa liye ekushiseni okudingekayo kwezinqubo ezilandelayo (ngokuvamile 40°C - 50°C) ukuze zingene emshinini wokupholisa ngokushesha ukuze kukhanye.

4. Uhlelo lokubuyisa ukushisa (ukulungiswa okukhethwa kukho kodwa okusebenzayo kakhulu):

o Ama-pasteurizer esimanje anezimbobo ngokuvamile afakwe uhlelo lokubuyisa ukushisa.

o Izinto ezibandayo ezingena esigabeni sokushisa kanye nezinto ezishisayo ezisanda kuphuma esigabeni sokugcoba zishintshaniswa ngaphambi kokushisa nge-heat exchanger ekhethekile.

o Izinzuzo:

 Ukonga amandla: Izinto ezishisayo zipholile, kanti izinto ezibandayo zishiswa kusengaphambili, okunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa komusi namanzi okupholisa.

 Ukuvikelwa komkhiqizo: Kugwema ukushisa kakhulu kwendawo kanye nokubilisa okubangelwa ukuthintana ngqo kwezinto ezibandayo nezindonga ezishisa kakhulu.

III. Izinzuzo ze-pasteurizer eneshubhu kunezinye izindlela ze-pasteurization

1. Ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo: Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-kettle e-batch pasteurization, i-pasteurizer eshubhu ingahlanganiswa kalula nezinqubo zangaphambilini nezilandelayo, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo ngokugcwele nokuzenzakalelayo ngokusebenza kahle kakhulu. 2. Ikhwalithi ephezulu yomkhiqizo: Inqubo ye-HTST ikhulisa ukugcinwa kokunambitheka kwento eluhlaza kanye nezakhamzimba, igwema ukunambitheka okuphekiwe okubangelwa ukushisa isikhathi eside.

3. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu okushisa: Ngenxa yesistimu yokubuyisa ukushisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuncishiswe kakhulu, okwenza izindleko zokusebenza zibe nenzuzo enkulu.

4. Indawo encane: Isakhiwo esincane, kulula ukusihlanganisa nemigqa yokukhiqiza ekhona.

5. Umklamo wenhlanzeko: Wenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, uhlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-3-A zokuhlanzeka, awunazo izindawo zokuhlanzeka eziqinile, futhi kulula ukwenza i-CIP (ukuhlanza endaweni) kanye ne-SIP (ukuhlanza endaweni).

IV. Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Zicatshangelwe Ekusetshenzisweni

1. Ukulawulwa okunembile kwamapharamitha enqubo: Izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nesivinini sokugeleza kumele kugcinwe kuzinzile. Ngisho nokushintshashintsha okuncane kungathinta umphumela wokubulala inzalo (inani lika-F) noma kubangele ukuwohloka komkhiqizo (njengokugeleza kwamaprotheni).

2. Inkinga yokungcola: Amaprotheni akwezinto avame ukunamathela ezindongeni zamapayipi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ukuhlanza i-CIP njalo (ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa izixazululo ze-alkaline ne-acidic ekujikelezeni kwegazi) kuyadingeka; ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzothinta ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa kanye nokuhlanzeka komkhiqizo.

3. Ukugcinwa kwevalvu yokuhlanganisa: Ivalvu yokuhlanganisa iyingxenye enembile evame ukuguga uma isebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu isikhathi eside. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokushintshwa kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa umphumela ozinzile wokuhlanganisa.

4. Ukuhambisana nezindlela zokwenziwa: Izindlela ezahlukene zokwenziwa (ikakhulukazi amaprotheni namafutha) zinokuzwela okuhlukile kokushisa, futhi izinga lokushisa nesikhathi sokuhlanza inzalo kudingeka kulungiselelwe ngokufanele.

5. Ukuvimbela ukungcola kwesibili: Izinto ezihlanziwe kumele zidluliselwe enkambisweni elandelayo endaweni evaliwe futhi ehlanzekile. Noma yikuphi ukuvuza kunoma yisiphi isigaba kungaholela ekungcoleni kwesibili kwamagciwane, okuqeda imizamo yokuhlanza.

Isifinyezo

I-sterilizer eyishubhu iyinto "yokuvikela" ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-margarine yesimanje. Ngenqubo yokuhlanza eqhubekayo yesikhathi esifushane (HTST), ibulala ngempumelelo amagciwane amancane ngenkathi ilinganisela ngokuphelele ubudlelwano phakathi kokuphepha kokudla kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Izici zayo zokusebenza kahle kakhulu, ukonga amandla kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwenza kube yithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-margarine ihlangabezana namazinga aphezulu ekhwalithi kanye nokuphepha.